RonRolheiser,OMI

Christian Perspective

Perspective is everything. When its lost, headaches and heartaches set in, take root, and begin to dominate our lives. 

When we lose perspective everything is reduced: the wide horizon, the depth of our minds, the compassion of our hearts, the enjoyment of our lives, and the consolation of our God. When perspective is lost, the world turns upside down: contentment gives way to restlessness, humility to ambition, and patience to a hopeless pursuit of a consummation, renown, and immortality that this life can never give. 

I know. It’s happened to me, countless times; in fact it happens to me most all of the time. In my life, forever it seems, I keep losing perspective and becoming obsessed with a love I cannot have, with hurts that I cannot let go of, and with an ambition that leaves me too preoccupied, too self-absorbed, and too hurried to fully notice what’s around me. 

Like most everyone else, I spend too many hours waiting for a special phone call that doesn’t come, for a special letter that doesn’t arrive, for a special glance of affection that isn’t given, and for a special daydream to turn into reality. Like most everyone else who’s lost perspective, I spend too many hours stewing about hurts, replaying again and again the real and imagined rejections, insults, and misunderstandings that have come my way, and dwelling on where I’ve been cheated, where life is unfair, and where others have been given what I don’t have. Like most everyone else, I am driven, restless, ambitious and I live a pressured life, a life too hurried and demanding to be fully enjoyed. Like most everyone else, I dwell too much upon my own emotional, sexual, and moral loneliness and this preoccupation robs me of most of the simple, and deepest, joys of life. And, like most everyone I know, for me, it won’t be easy to die, to let go, to return, with grace and gratitude, to the dust of earth, content enough with the astounding fact that I have lived, felt life, walked the earth, been loved, and have been and remain part of the Body of Christ. 

But to have perspective, I must be praying, mystically feeling the other world, and content enough in my anonymity to take my place, but no more than that, among others, as one small but integral member of the billions of men and women who have walked, and will walk, the earth and will, one day, be presented by Christ to his Father. It is not easy to keep perspective and to claim no more, and no less, than my true place in history. 

When my own prayer and mysticism is too weak for me to properly do this, one of the things I can still do is to stay in touch with those who have kept things in perspective. One of the persons who has helped me in this is Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, the French scientist/priest/mystic/philosopher who died on Easter Sunday in 1955. Like the rest of us, his life too had its share of hurts, ambitions, cold lonely seasons, and obsessions. He spent most of his life unsure that anyone really understood him. But, and this is where he is rare, he invariably was able to put things into perspective, to regain the wide horizon, and to see things, no matter how bad they appeared on the surface, as making sense in Christ. 

Because of this, this perspective, he was a gifted man, gifted not just with extraordinary insight, but also with exceptional joy. He could see God in a stone. A chip of rock in the desert or an opera in Paris or New York, both held equal potential for delight. The simple pleasures of life, the elementary act of looking at the world and feeling its elements: the weather, the soil, the sun, the very dust could give him a joy bordering on ecstasy. It didn’t matter whether he was with his loved ones, at home in France, or away from his loved ones (and loved land), in exile in China, every kind of everyday experience could leave him feeling deeply grateful just for the fact of living, for the privilege of being part of what God is doing on this earth.

He could love deeply and he could also let go, and this letting go was what saved him from the always-present fear, ambition, and loneliness that so often asphyxiates me. He was able to keep things in perspective and so he didn’t need to dwell on past hurts, on present loneliness, and on future fears. Thus, for example: 

At age thirty-five, in 1916, he found himself in the front lines, as a stretcher-bearer, in the First World War. Before the battle to recapture Douaumont, fearing that he might be killed, he wrote the following:

I tell you this: I shall go into this engagement in a religious spirit, with all my soul, borne on by a single great impetus in which I am unable to distinguish where human emotions end and adoration begins. And if I am destined not to return from those heights I would like my body to remain there, molded into the clay of the fortifications, like a living cement thrown by God into the stonework of the New City. (Hymns of the Universe, London, Fontana, 1970, p. 51) 

Humbling words, noble words, from a rare person with a rare faith. We all need to read and write words like this , and then, perhaps, we won’t live in restlessness and ambition, waiting for that special something that never comes.

On Jesus and Socrates

Iris Murdoch, with a single phrase, states a great irony: A common soldier dies without fear – Jesus died afraid. 

There is a fruitful meditation in that and it has already been done for us by Michael Buckley, the American Jesuit, who some years ago published a homily he had delivered at an ordination. In it, he asks the man who was being ordained: “Are you weak enough to be a priest?”

That’s an interesting twist. His question was not about strength for the job, but about weakness: “Are you weak enough to do this well?” I want here to give a bit of background to this question, as Buckley asked it, because it is one which can be widened and asked of everyone of us: “Are you weak enough to be a real Christian?” “Are you weak enough to be a fully sensitive human being?” 

Shouldn’t one try not to be weak? Isn’t it best to be strong?  That is true if one is speaking morally, but it isn’t true if one asks a different kind of question: “Are you deficient and weak enough so that you cannot ward off significant suffering in you life?” “Are you weak enough that the sufferings of others affect you deeply?” 

For Buckley, Jesus was weak in precisely this sense. It was this deficiency in him, his incapacity to protect himself against pain that made his life and his death so particularly redemptive. 

To try to explain this, Buckley makes a comparison between Jesus and Socrates, a comparison in human excellence (as this is often judged humanly). The result is that Socrates, judged by certain categories, is superior to Jesus on virtually every score. Thus, for example, one can compare their deaths. Both were good men, unjustly condemned by jealous opponents, but they met their deaths very differently: 

Socrates went to his death with a certain calmness and poise. He heard the judgment of the court, accepted it, calmly spoke concerning what death might mean and about the possibilities of immortality, appeared unafraid, drank the poison and died. One pictures his death scene like Hollywood has so often portrays its heroes and heroines dying: Paul Scofield dying in Man for All Seasons or Ali McGraw in Love Story. Death without a hair or emotion out of place! Death faced in a way that the rest of us ordinary, less-put-together, mortals can never approximate! 

How different Jesus’ death! He sweated blood. From the time it became inevitable that he was going to die, Jesus became afraid, very afraid, and began to pray “with loud cries and tears to him who was able to have him from death.” He sought, repeatedly, for comfort from his friends and prayed for escape from death. He found neither. Finally, in the end, he established some control over himself and moved towards his death in silence and lonely isolation, crying out in agony to a God who seemed to have let him down.  Not exactly the way one would imagine a God to die!

Let me quote Buckley, as he assesses this: “I once thought that this was because Socrates and Jesus suffered different deaths, the one so much more terrible than the other, the pain and agony of the cross so overshadowing the release of the hemlock. But now I think that this explanation, though correct in as far as it runs, is superficial and secondary. Now I believe that Jesus was a more profoundly weak man than Socrates, more liable to pain and weariness, more sensitive to human rejection and contempt, and more affected by love and hate. Socrates never wept over Athens. Socrates never expressed sorrow and pain over the betrayal of friends. He was possessed and integral, never overextended, convinced that the just person could never suffer genuine hurt. And for this reason, Socrates © one of the greatest and most heroic people who has ever existed, a paradigm of what humanity can achieve within the individual was a philosopher. And for the same reason, Jesus of Nazareth was a priest: ambiguous, suffering, mysterious, and salvific.” 

Obviously the word “priest”, as Buckley uses it here, refers not only to those of us who have been ordained presbyters in the church but to a way of being in the world so as to help carry its pain. To be a “priest”, in the Christian sense, is to live and die in such a way that our lives and deaths optimally help others, especially those suffering. When I am strong enough to, calmly, block out most of that suffering, I am much more of a philosopher than a priest, more of a Socrates than a Jesus. 

Some Gathering Hymns for Social Justice

The wages of work is cash.

The wages of cash is want more cash.

The wages of want more cash is vicious competition.

The wages of vicious competition is the world we live in.

 (D.H. Lawrence)

The Seven Social Sins according to Mohandas Gandhi …

Politics without principle

Wealth without work

Commerce without morality

Pleasure without conscience

Education without character

Science without humanity

Worship without sacrifice

“We have some bad habits that only God can cure!”

 (A Los Angeles gang leader, quoted by Jim Wallis)

We need to be on fire again,

for our hope is no longer an easy one.

We live in a culture of despair

pentecost can no longer be taken for granted.

We must refuse to make the Holy Spirit a piece of private property,

but a spirit that matters. (Mary Jo Leddy)

The religious right thinks that to be religious you have to be extremist and fundamentalist … and the radical left agrees. It is time for the religious left to be more religious than left. And it is time for both the left and the right to admit that they have run out of imagination, that the categories of liberal and conservative are dysfunctional, and that what is needed to bring about justice is a radicalism that leads beyond both the right and the left. That radicalism can only be found in the gospel which is neither liberal nor conservative but compassionate. (Jim Wallis)

Edward Galeano … The Nobodies

We are not, but could be.

We don’t speak languages, but dialects.

We don’t have religions, but superstitions.

We don’t create art, but handicrafts.

We don’t have a culture, but folklore.

We are not human beings, but human resources.

We do not have face, but arms.

We do not have names, but numbers.

We do not appear in the history of the world,

but in the police blotter of the local paper.

The nobodies, who are not worth

the bullets that kill them.

“Lost is a place, too.” (Christina Crawford)

“We don’t want your money: we can steal that from you when we need it. We need you to lead us back to God … and to give us some jobs.” (Gang leader to a group of church and business leaders, Spokane, Washington.)

“Preach the gospel wherever you go, even use words if necessary.” (Francis of Assisi)

The moral majority has forged God’s signature on a contract with America! (A Southern Baptist minister)

“In the world’s schema of things, survival of the fittest is the rule. In God’s schema, survival of the weakest is the rule.  (Alphonse Keuter, OMI)

“Seeing injustice is not what makes you just. Crossing over to the other side, as did the Good Samaritan and as did God in the incarnation, is what gives birth to justice.” (Erik Riechers)

Strength without compassion is violence

Compassion without justice is sentiment

Justice without love is Marxism

And … love without justice is baloney!

 (Cardinal Sin)

It is not possible to create a world in which no innocent people suffer, but it is possible to create a world in which fewer innocent people suffer. (quoted by Bryan Hehir)

Truly, we have some bad habits that only God can cure!

Recovering Catholics

“I’m a recovering Catholic!” More and more, especially within intellectual circles, this is a trendy thing to say. I have heard it off of the lips of authors, rock singers, university professors, talk-show hosts, ex-clergy and ex-religious, numerous public speakers, and a variety of my Catholic friends.

Usually it is not meant lightly. Most times it carries with it all the emotion and obsession of a fundamentalism: “I’m a recovering Catholic and this is central to my identity. To understand me, my struggle, my complexes, and my present anger and resentments, you have to understand this.”

Understand what? What are we saying when we say that we are “recovering Catholics?”

What I hear in the phrase is this: “I grew up in a certain narrowness and naivete. The religion of my youth, Catholicism, kept me infantile and unfree. It also put deep guilt complexes in to me, especially about freedom, creativity and sex. “As a child, I breathed in a certain Catholic neurosis. I’ve begun to move beyond that now, albeit the process isn’t easy. I am finding it hard to rid myself fully of the narrowness, guilt and adolescence of my Catholic upbringing. But I am growing up! I am slowly moving beyond the creative and moral suffocation of classical Catholicism.”

Undergirding this is a double affirmation: At one level, the recovering Catholic is stating that he or she is finally growing up; at a second level, he or she is suggesting, with some bitterness, that the Catholicism that was breathed in as a child is to blame for many of the neuroses, timidities, guilt and struggles that he or she is undergoing right now.

To my mind, both affirmations, while admittedly containing an element of truth, are major inflations:

“I am finally growing up!” Really. This is adulthood? Is there not a certain contradiction in laying claim to maturity just as one is laying blame for one’s unhappiness at the foot of somebody else?

What is heard in the echo of the claim (“I am a recovering Catholic and the Catholicism of my youth is to blame for many of my present unhappy struggles!”) is the voice of the wounded (and whining) child, the puer, the puella, still shifting responsibility away from self: “It is somebody else’s fault that I’m unhappy.”

As well, any claim to a new-found maturity that contains within it a certain bitterness about a former naivete is precisely a sign of lingering adolescence. It is the adolescent who is bitter about the taboos of childhood: “We were raised on poverty, chastity and obedience—and this left us infantile, guilt-ridden and unfree! I am bright enough now to see all that and am moving beyond it.”

Fine and good. That is a critical move beyond childhood. But it is not yet the move beyond adolescence. The adolescent longs to be sophisticated and critical, beyond the naivete and taboos of childhood. But the adult longs for something beyond even this. He or she longs to be post-sophisticate. As an adult, one again longs for a poverty, chastity and obedience that is post-critical. I don’t see this longing, nor this tone or energy, in many recovering Catholics.

“The Catholicism of my youth is to blame for many of my inner struggles and problems, especially my guilt neuroses.”

While there is obviously some truth in the statement, at the end of the day, it is a rationalization. It stretches logic to suggest that a series of religious ideals and moral taboos (which one is no longer observing) are, right now, the major cause of one’s unhappiness.

Moreover, there is a growing body of research (e.g., Anton Vergote’s work on guilt) that suggests that guilt-neuroses do not primarily take their base in religion (given that they exist just as noxiously in post-Christian cultures) and that most anger that is directed at institutionalized religion is anger more properly (and honestly) directed at one’s own father. We have about the same degree of comfort or anger in the face of the Catholicism of our youth as we do in the face of our own father—but it’s safer to be angry at Catholicism.

All of us struggle. Freedom, maturity, adulthood perennially evade our grasp. But I am not so sure that it is either healthy or honest to put so much blame for this at the feet of classical Catholicism and cloak it with high ideology. We are involved in a far humbler process. It’s called growing up.

Henri Nouwen: In Memoriam

The great anthropologist, Mircea Eliade, used to say that no community should botch its deaths. To not properly attune oneself to the significance of a person’s death is to miss an important blessing.

In the Catholic world, and in the spiritual world in general, a very important person has died. On September 21st, Henri Nouwen, perhaps the foremost spiritual writer of the past quarter century, died in Holland. We should not botch that death and miss a blessing for, as Nouwen himself used to put it, a good person blesses not just with his or her life but also with his or her death. Henri Nouwen has blessed many of us, through his books and through the example of his life. We need now still to be blessed too through his death.

What made him so special? What among so many gifted and sincere spiritual writers makes him stand out?

The first thing, and not an important one, is his life itself. His own life was a laboratory for his books. He lived what he preached, both the virtue and the weakness, and it was that particular combination which helped make him so intriguing.

St. Paul tells us that the only thing we should ever boast about is our own weakness so that the surpassing power of God can shine through us. This describes Nouwen well. He shared with us his weaknesses and the power of God shone through. In an obituary in the Globe and Mail, Carolyn Whitney -Brown, who lived in community with him at L’Arche Daybreak, commented that what made him so special was that he willing shared details of his life in his books that most of us would cringe to admit, much less publish. He had both a rare honesty and a rare depth and this made for a unique combination.

He was a complex man, a soul for whom peace did not come easy. He was too full of both weakness and hope to often have much in the way of simple, quiet rest. He shared both with us, the weakness and the hope, and he wrote in a simple style that went straight to the heart, irrespective of whether one had little formal education or taught theology in a graduate school. And he was honest, disarmingly honest.

In his writings, his weaknesses shone through, but so too did his God. He once shared with us, his readers, that Soren Kierkegaard had touched him so deeply because he had risked sharing his loneliness with the world. That is precisely the way many of us now feel about Henri Nouwen. He risked sharing his loneliness with us.

In one of his works he shares how, when he was a little boy, his mother used to call him aside and say to him: “Henri, I don’t care what you do, as long as you stay close to Christ.” That voice touched him deeply and stayed with him the rest of his life. But, at the same time too, other persons, in various ways, called him aside and told him: “Henri, you are very bright and talented. You can make a brilliant career for yourself.” That voice also touched him deeply and stayed with him and the struggle between those two voices explains a lot in his life. Eventually his mother’s voice, which was always the one that had somewhat the upper hand, scored a more decisive victory. At the peak of his academic career (he was an honoured teacher at Harvard with invitations to speak around the world) he sat in his car and drove away from the academic world and a brilliant career to live the rest of his life among the mentally handicapped.

But it wasn’t without a struggle and that is what he shared with us: “Indeed, how divided my heart has been and still is! I want to love God, but also to make a career. I want to be a good Christian, but also to have my successes as a teacher, preacher, or speaker. I want to be a saint, but also enjoy the sensations of the sinner. I want to be close to Christ but also popular and liked by people. No wonder that living becomes a tiring enterprise. The characteristic of a saint is, to borrow Kierkegaard’s words, ‘To will one thing.’ Well, I will more than one thing, am double hearted, double minded, and have a very divided loyalty.” 

All of us can identify with those words but Henri Nouwen had the honesty and courage to write them. In the years before his death, he was slowly getting better at, more and more, throwing himself into God’s arms and letting God help him “will the one thing”. In this, he is an example of how somebody from our generation, with our problems, facing our issues, can, with God’s help, slowly become a saint.

The Gentle Powerless Power Of God

Daniel Berrigan was once asked to give a conference at a university gathering. The topic given him was something to the effect of “God’s Presence in Today’s World”. His talk, I suspect, surprised a number of people in his audience, both in brevity and content.

He simply told the audience how he, working in a hospice for the terminally ill, goes each week to spend some time sitting by the bed of a young boy who is totally incapacitated, physically and mentally.

The young boy can only lie there. He cannot speak or communicate with his body nor in any other way, it would seem, express himself to those who come into his room. He lies mute, helpless, by all outward appearance cut off from any possible communication.

Berrigan then described how he goes regularly to sit by this young boy’s bed to try to hear what he is saying in his silence and helplessness.

After sharing this, Berrigan added a further point: The way this young man lies in our world, silent and helpless, is the way God lies in our world. To hear what God is saying we must learn to hear what this young boy is saying.

This is an extremely useful image in helping us understand how the power of God manifests itself in our world. God’s power is in the world like that young boy. It does not overpower with muscle, or attractiveness, or brilliance, or grace, as does the speed and muscle of an Olympic athlete, the physical beauty of a young film star, or the gifted speech or rhetoric of the brilliant orator or author.

These latter things—muscle, swiftness, beauty, brilliance, grace—do reflect God’s glory, but they are not the primary way God shows power in this world. No. God’s power in the world has a very different look and a very different feel to it.

What does God’s power look like? How does it feel to feel as God must often feel in this world?

If you have ever been overpowered physically and been helpless in that, if you have ever been hit or slapped by someone and been powerless to defend yourself or fight back, then you have felt how God is in this world.

If you have ever dreamed a dream and found that every effort you made was hopeless and that your dream could never be realized, if you have cried tears and felt shame at your own inadequacy, then you have felt how God is in this world.

If you have ever been sick and there was no doctor or medicine that could cure you, if you have ever felt the mortality of your own body and been hopeless at its weakness, then you have felt how God is in the world.

If you have ever been shamed in your enthusiasm and not given a chance to explain yourself, if you have ever been cursed for your goodness by people who misunderstood you and were powerless to make them see things in your way, then you have felt how God is in this world.

If you have ever tried to make yourself attractive to someone and were incapable of it, if you have ever loved someone and wanted desperately to somehow make him or her notice you and found yourself hopelessly unable to do so, then you have felt how God is in this world.

If you have ever felt yourself aging and losing both the health and tautness of a young bod y and the opportunities that come with that and been powerless to turn back the clock, if you have ever felt the world slipping away from you as you grow older and ever more marginalized, then you have felt how God is in this world.

And if you have ever felt like a minority of one before the group hysteria of a crowd gone mad, if you have ever felt, first-hand, the sick evil of a gang rape, then you have felt how God is in this world . . . and how Jesus felt on Good Friday.

God never overpowers. God’s power is never the power of a muscle, a speed, a physical attractiveness, a brilliance or a grace which (as the contemporary expression has it) blows you away and makes you say: “Yes, there is a God!” The world’s power tries to work that way.

God’s power though is more muted, more helpless, more shamed and more marginalized. But it lies at a deeper level, at the ultimate base of things, and will, in the end, gently have the final say.

An Apologia

A couple of weeks ago, I wrote a column (August 30, 1996) about aloneness and family which argued that God meant the words: “It is not good to be alone” not just psychologically, but also morally and in terms of human maturity. In essence, I suggested that when we are alone, free from the demands and challenges that come from family and community, it is easier to become selfish and give ourselves over to our addictions. I stated, among other things, that living alone can be morally dangerous.

There was a very strong reaction, most of it negative, to that piece. I have received a good number of letters, many of which pained me – not because they were critical of what I had written but because, from them, I realized how much my words have caused pain in some peoples’ lives. I realize now, unfortunately after the fact, that what I wrote in that article was open to considerable misunderstanding. So, by way of apology, let me try to clarify what I tried to say there … even if that is not what the words said to everyone: 

First of all, the title itself (Selfishness and Solitude) already sent out the wrong signal, suggesting to some that solitude is perhaps a form of selfishness. The choice of title was not mine and it was never my intention to suggest that it is more selfish to be in solitude than in family, especially since, properly understood, solitude and family are not in opposition to each other, enemies, but two states which positively feed and enhance each other. To be in true solitude is to be in family. 

Carlo Carretto, the great spiritual writer, once spent a prolonged period of time living by himself in the desert. When he returned to Italy to visit his mother, he realized that she was more contemplative than he was, even though because of her duties as a mother she rarely had any quiet or prayer time. The conclusion he drew was not that there was anything wrong with what he was doing in solitude, but rather that there was something very right about what his mother was doing in giving herself over to her family in such a way that she had no time left for the type of solitude which he was living. In essence, in that fated column, I was trying to say the same thing: There is nothing wrong with solitude – but there is something eminently right about giving yourself over to the demands, duties, and challenges that flow from family and commitment. 

One woman wrote to me, pained and upset by what I had written, protesting that she had just spent her wedding anniversary alone – deserted by her husband and geographically separated from her children. Her protest: “How can it be wrong to be alone, especially when I didn’t even choose to be alone? How can you be so cruel as to suggest that it is?” 

Her pain caused me pain and, to her and to others like her, I sincerely apologize: I am sorry that my words were heard in this sense. That was not their intent. In fact, their aim was exactly the opposite. They were meant to challenge those who do positively choose to live alone, namely, those who refuse to make or keep commitments because they want the freedom, privacy, and aloneness to do their own thing. My words were meant as a challenge to people, like her ex-husband, who abandon commitments to spouses, families, and relatives precisely to be “alone” for purposes that their families would not exactly judge as good. 

There are different ways of being alone. The woman whose words I just quoted feels the emotional pain of being physically alone and she admits that it is not good. But it is not morally wrong to be alone in this way. In fact, lived out creatively, this kind of loneliness can give birth to compassion and an understanding that is not given to others. 

But that is not the kind of aloneness of which I was speaking. There is an aloneness which is dangerous and which inevitably spawns selfishness. To offer just a couple of examples: The person who abandons his or her spouse and family so as to be free from them and “alone” in order to pursue somebody or something else is living dangerously. His or her being alone is not a good thing, morally. The same is true for the addict, irrespective of the particular addiction. Invariably he or she is looking to be alone so as to have the freedom and the privacy to attend to the addiction. This, obviously, is not good. 

In these cases, however, the person is positively choosing to be alone, looking to be alone, and resentful of any spouse, family member, or commitment that stands in his or her way. It is this person who needs, again, to be challenged by God’s words: “It is not good to be alone!”

Why it’s not Good to be Alone

“It is not good to be alone”—not just in terms of emotional loneliness but also in terms of healthy human and moral growth.

“The human being needs a helpmate.” Those words, attributed to God just before the creation of Eve, are meant as an antidote to the pain of human loneliness and inconsummation. That is evident.

At the deepest level of everything, from atomic particles through men and women, there is an archetypal primal imperative that says something can be whole only if it has two mutually complementary principles, one female and the other male. No one male or group of males or one female or group of females can do away with loneliness the way that a man and a woman, united, can. The uniting of gender is constitutive of nature itself. Marriage lies at the root of everything.

But that is not the only reason that it is not good to be alone. There is another kind of aloneness that is perhaps less emotionally painful but probably more dangerous. It is also not good to be alone for reasons that have to do with human maturity and morality. Simply put, when I am alone it is often a lot easier to be selfish, immature, given over to addictions and blind to the needs of others.

Recently a colleague shared with me this story: He was working with a seminarian in spiritual direction and was trying to help him discern whether he should be in the seminary. He asked the young man: “Why do you want to be a priest?”

The answer he received both disappointed and astonished him. The young man gave this as his reason: “I grew up in a large family and I never had anything of my own. I had to share everything—room, food, television, stereo, visitors and even my parents’ affection. As a celibate, I will have the private space and the privacy that I’ve wanted all these years. My life will be my own!”

It is hard to think of a worse reason to want to become a priest.

I use this story not to suggest that all, or even many, seminarians think this way or that there is anything wrong with celibacy. This example is in fact quite atypical in terms of the reasons why, normally, people choose to make a vow of celibacy. Unfortunately, it is not as uncommon in terms of a practical attitude that pervades contemporary life and infects nearly all of us. As abhorrent as this young man’s motivation might seem on the surface, there is a good amount of him in each of us.

We may not state the issue as crassly as he did, but we too, all of us, have a similar itch for privacy, for control, for ownership, to have things exclusively for ourselves, and to decide things all on our own. We also want our own space and the power to control things around us—and to walk in and out on others on our own terms. Family and community life today are struggling for exactly those reasons.

It is dangerous to be alone, dangerous because, when we are alone, we do not have to adjust ourselves to another’s rhythm, another’s needs and another’s demands. It is then a lot easier to grow selfish. That is why for an adult person, being celibate or single or childless can be dangerous.

The danger is not so much that one will be more lonely than somebody who is married and has children, It is rather that, alone, free from the demands that a marriage partner and children, family, place on us we are dangerously free to have things too much our own way. When we are alone there are too few conscriptive forces pressuring us to maturity.

The opposite is true in a good marriage and a good family. What happens there is that the needs, demands and rhythms of others, our partner and our children, force us to constantly give of ourselves and to move beyond our own needs and demands. In community life, unless one lives it unhealthily, we come to maturity by conscription.

Thus, for example, the demands of children are a school of unselfishness for the parents. What that means is that after 30 or so years of not being able to turn around without somebody, your kids, demanding something of you, you become pretty practised in altruism. Most parents mature primarily because their children force them to do so.

It is also not good to be alone for moral reasons. It is no accident that we like to be alone when we act out in relation to our addictions. All alcoholics crave privacy, as do those who have drug, sex or gambling addictions. Bad morality doesn’t want an audience. Nobody watches pornography with his family!

It is not good to be alone. Everyone needs a helpmate . . . not just to not be lonely but also to be mature and moral.

It Is Not Good To Be Alone

It is not good to be alone – not just in terms of emotional loneliness but also in terms of healthy human and moral growth.

The human being needs a helpmate. Those words, attributed to God just before the creation of Eve, are meant as an antidote to the pain of human loneliness and inconsummation. That is evident. At the deepest level of everything, from atomic particles through men and women, there is an archetypal primal imperative that says something can be whole only if it has two mutually complementary principles, one female and the other male. No one male or group of males or one female or group of females can do away with loneliness the way that a man and a women, united, can. The uniting of gender is constitutive of nature itself. Marriage lies at the root of everything. 

But that is not the only reason that it is not good to be alone. There is another kind of aloneness that is perhaps less emotionally painful but probably more dangerous. It is also not good to be alone for reasons that have to do with human maturity and morality. Simply put, when I am alone it is often a lot easier to be selfish, immature, given over to addictions, and blind to the needs of others. 

Recently a colleague shared with me this story: He was working with a seminarian in spiritual direction and was trying to help him discern as to whether he should be in the seminary. He asked the young man: “Why do you want to be a priest?” The answer he received both disappointed and astonished him. The young man gave this as his reason: “I grew up in a large family and I never had anything of my own. I had to share everything – room, food, television, stereo, visitors, and even my parents’ affection. As a celibate, I will have the private space and the privacy that I’ve wanted all these years. My life will be my own!” It is hard to think of a worse reason to want to become a priest.

I use this story not to suggest that all, or even many, seminarians think this way or that there is anything wrong with celibacy. This example is in fact quite atypical in terms of the reasons why, normally, people choose to make a vow of celibacy. Unfortunately, it is not as uncommon in terms of a practical attitude that pervades contemporary life and infects nearly all of us. As abhorrent as this young man’s motivation might seem on the surface, there is a good amount of him in each of us. 

We may not state the issue as crassly as he did, but we too, all of us, have a similar itch for privacy, for control, for ownership, to have things exclusively for ourselves, and to decide things all on our own. We also want our own space and the power to control things around us – and to walk in and out on others on our own terms. Family and community life today are struggling for exactly those reasons.

It is dangerous to be alone, dangerous because, when we are alone, we do not have to adjust ourselves to another’s rhythm, another’s needs, and another’s demands. It is then a lot easier to grow selfish. That is why, for an adult person, being celibate or single or childless can be dangerous. The danger is not so much that one will be lonelier than somebody who is married and has children. It is rather that, alone, free from the demands that a marriage partner and children, family, place on us we are dangerously free to have things too much our own way. When we are alone there are too few conscriptive forces pressuring us to maturity. 

The opposite is true in a good marriage and a good family. What happens there is that the needs, demands, and rhythms of others, our partner and our children, force us to constantly give of ourselves and to move beyond our own needs and demands. In community life, unless one lives it unhealthily, we come to maturity by conscription. Thus, for example, the demands of children are a school of unselfishness for the parents. What that means is that after thirty or so years of not being able to turn around without somebody, your kids, demanding something of you, you become pretty practiced in altruism. Most parents mature primarily because their children force them to do so.

It is also not good to be alone for moral reasons. It is no accident that we like to be alone when we act out in relation to our addictions. All alcoholics crave privacy, as do those who have drug, sex, or gambling addictions. Bad morality doesn’t want an audience. Nobody watches pornography with his family!

It is not good to be alone. Everyone needs a helpmate … not just to not be lonely but also be to mature and moral.

Moral Artists

A real artist could never paint a moustache on the Mona Lisa. Only somebody dangerously naive or ignorant in the area of aesthetics could do such a thing. But no artist could, his or her sensitivity is too fine. The connection to the area of aesthetics is too deep and too personal for an artist to ever deface a masterpiece. To do that would be tantamount to self-violation. For this reason, too, artists are very much personally saddened whenever a beautiful work of art is defaced. For an artist, simply because he or she is an artist, there are certain taboos.

It is important to understand this, not just so that we are more sensitive to the value of art, but also because this principle has important parallels in other areas. Just as there are artists in the realm of aesthetics, so too there are artists in the area of morality. They too are unable to paint a moustache on the Mona Lisa. Likewise, they too are deeply and personally saddened whenever a certain beauty is violated and, like their artist cousins, they also live with certain taboos. 

One important reason that we need to understand this is because there are many hurtful misunderstandings about how we assess some people morally. What is at issue here is the seeming moral inhibitions and timidities that some people have and how this situation is often not honoured by others. Thus, for example, all of us know certain people (or perhaps you are one of those persons yourself) who, for all their lives, have, in certain moral areas, been timid, inhibited, afraid to make a serious mistake, unable to ever really let go or get drunk (in both the real and figurative sense of that term), or are unable to do all kinds of things that, seemingly, everyone else has no problem in doing.  

Too often we, their families and friends, judge and brand them as timid, uptight, frigid, and rigid. All too often too they are the object of both a certain ridicule (since in our society this kind of inhibition is seen as the opposite of freedom) and pity (“The poor thing, so uptight, unable to enjoy life!”)

Let me give you an example: A friend of mine fits this description: Married, the mother of two children, in her mid forties, she is seen by most everyone around her, including at times her husband and family, as morally uptight (“Our Mother Theresa!”). Looked at very superficially, she would seem to merit the title. Raised in a devout religious home, she has never, in any essential way, strayed from that path. Simply put, she has broken some minor rules here and there, but there has always been something inside of her that stopped her from ever breaking any of the major rules. And it hasn’t been through lack of opportunity. Opportunities for religious and sexual infidelity abounded. She has been tempted and yet never succumbed.

Why? Was it timidity or virtue that prevented her from acting out? Is she naive or full of wisdom? Is she to be pitied for being un-free or envied for living out her convictions?

In today’s moral and intellectual climate, most people understand her hesitancy negatively, namely, as a frigidity and lack of nerve. Few see her as truly adult in virtue. More commonly she is viewed as lacking nerve, as being uptight, as using religious and moral principle to rationalize a timidity and rigidity. Few persons, I suspect, have any appreciation whatever of her moral complexity, her struggle, and the cost of her fidelity. Fewer people still understand what lies at the deep root of her seeming inhibition.

What does? Timidity, lack of nerve, an incapacity to let go? Surely. But why? That’s the deeper question. I know her well enough to know that, in her case, the hesitation comes not from lack of nerve or opportunity. Virtue by conscription, by timidity, by naiveté? No, hers’ is the hesitation of the artist who will not, and existentially cannot paint a moustache on the Mona Lisa. She is a moral artist who cannot violate certain things in the moral order any more than an artist can take a crowbar to Michelangelo’s Pieta. She’s not morally timid. She’s morally sensitive. There is a difference.

Some years ago, Polish psychiatrist, Casmir Dabrowski, wrote a book which he entitled: Psychoneurosis Is Not An Illness. In rough, the thesis was that too often those of us who are not very sensitive are the reason why sensitive persons have to struggle so much in this world. Artists, whether in the aesthetic or the moral area, can vouch for this. And the rest of us? We might well want to check on just how often we have been painting a moustache on the Mona Lisa.

What Defines A Practicing Catholic?

Several years ago, a Catholic school board, frustrated because some of its teachers were no longer attending church regularly while others were flaunting the church’s teaching regarding living together before marriage, decided to tighten its hiring policies. They tried to implement a policy which demanded that any teachers hired in the future would be “practicing Catholics”. They ran into a hornet’s nest.

Immediately there was a wave of counterchallenge: What precisely constitutes a practicing Catholic Who defines this? Is the old criterion –  you must go to mass every Sunday and obey the Church’s teaching on sexuality and marriage – not simply reflective of a bias? What about somebody who does practice in the old sense but has no sense whatever of social justice or who lacks fundamental charity? Is he or she more of a practicing Catholic than somebody who is committed to justice but does not go to church every Sunday? Is somebody who obeys the letter of the law regarding the sixth commandment but abuses power more Catholic than the person who is gentle and nurturing but is living with someone he or she is not married to? What constitutes practice of a faith?

What does? This is not just a theoretical item. More and more, various Catholic institutions and organizations, from school boards to parish councils, must make very concrete decisions based upon how they view this question: Who should be allowed to teach in a Catholic school? Who should be permitted on a parish council? Who should be allowed to do ministry within the church? By what criteria do we decide these questions? 

For Catholics in the recent past, things were more clear: A practicing Catholic, when the concept was boiled down to its lowest common denominator, was somebody who attended mass every Sunday (save when excused for grave reasons) and was not publicly at odds with the church’s teaching regarding dogma and morals. Anyone who did not meet those criteria would, ordinarily, not be allowed to teach in a Catholic school, serve on a church board, or do any public ministry in the church. Today, as the questions just raised highlight, things are not so clear. All kinds of questions are being raised that suggest that the old way of viewing this biases things too much in one direction. 

So what does constitute a practicing Catholic?

The question is not a simple one. First off, it must be admitted that no one, save God, is fully a practicing Catholic. All of us fail in some aspects to live the faith; everyone has gaps in his or her faith practice. Thus, strictly speaking, none of us can ever claim fully to be practicing our faith. However, beyond that necessary and important confession of ambiguity, not all is vague. There are some essential components to Roman Catholicism that can be named and thus, at some point, one can define what constitutes the practice of that faith.

The essential components of Roman Catholicism are:

  • Full initiation into the community.
  • Regular participation in the Eucharist within the local community, including within that a sensitivity to the liturgical rhythm of the church’s life. This component is so emphasized because, as Roman Catholics, we are a Eucharistic community, that is, our primary gathering is around the Eucharist.
  • A life of prayer and private morality.
  • A commitment to social teachings of the church.
  • A sense of responsibility for ministry and leadership within the church, including the financial.
  • A concern for the universal church – its unity, its spread, and its maintenance.
  • A concern and respect for public forum within the community; that is, negatively, not being a source of scandal.

Given those essentials, what constitutes a practicing Catholic?

Classically, as we saw, it has meant that one attended mass regularly (every Sunday) and was not at odds with the public forum of the church regarding morals or dogma, namely, one was not causing scandal. This definition, while not ideal, does contain within itself the important essentials and should be retained as the minimum high jump bar.

The definition of a practicing Catholic must go further:  A practicing Catholic is a fully initiated member of the community who participates regularly within the Sunday Eucharist and participates as well in the prayer life (both public and private), the social action, the ministry and leadership, and the missionary concerns of the church. As well, he or she should not be at variance in the public forum vis-à-vis major doctrinal or moral teachings of the church.

Now, even allowing for the fact that only God practices the faith perfectly, to do public ministry within the church, be it teaching or serving on a church board, one should, minimally at least, meet this criterion.

Listening To Your Widows

A few years ago, I had a friend who, like Nicodemus with Jesus, would come to me at night. This scene though wasn’t quite as pastoral as the biblical one. Mostly my friend came to drink and complain.

This was his issue: Publicly he was a very respected and successful man, in a position of authority with a number of persons working under him. To these, his employees, he was the penultimate nice guy. He doted on them and felt very good about himself because of this. This was, in fact, his pride. In his own eyes, because of the way he treated his employees and because of their subsequent affection for him, he was the most generous and kindly man on earth.  He told me: “There isn’t one of them, my employees, who wouldn’t give me the shirt off his or her back. I’ve been good to everyone of them.”

His problem wasn’t there. It was at home with his family. He had a drinking problem and all the inconsistencies that come with that. Simply put, he was never as nice at home as he was at the office and his wife and kids were not nearly as adoring and generous with their praise as were his employees. His family loved him, but saw his weaknesses and suffered greatly from them. Hence, by them, he was constantly challenged, either by their direct comments to him about his inconsistencies or by their angry avoidance of him. This embittered him greatly. Here is how he would generally put things to me:

Everyone likes me, except my family. I suspect that it’s because they can’t deal with my popularity. I go to the office and there isn’t one person there who isn’t indebted to me, whom I haven’t helped specially. We have a good atmosphere there. We laugh a lot and I’m appreciated. Then I go home … well, everything changes! Half the time everyone is avoiding me. If I’m upstairs, they’re all downstairs; if I’m downstairs, they’re all upstairs. They’re forever on my case about one thing or another. If I come home late a couple of times or miss a family thing I said I’d be there for it’s as if committed murder in public. I am fed up with it, being the leper at home, just because I miss the odd thing. They don’t love and appreciate me like the folks do at the office. I’m not asking for much at home, just a little understanding!”

A nice guy at office and an angry alcoholic at home! He didn’t see the glaring inconsistency. For him, the problem was simply that his wife and children were not as appreciative of him as they should be and as he deserved.

Jesus once told a very similar story: Once upon a time there was a judge in a certain town. He was well respected by everyone and, in public, people used to bring out gifts and give them to him because, obviously, he had been good to them. Everyone respected him, except one widow to whom he hadn’t given justice. She hounded him, demanding her just due. For a long time he avoided her and was irritated by her demands. Finally, he said to himself: “I fear neither God nor man, but if I don’t give her justice she will hound me to death!” He gave her her due.

That parable has a double meaning. On the one hand, it is a parable about prayer. With it, Jesus tries to teach us that we should persevere in prayer: God is the judge and we are the widow. Wear God out and eventually God will give us what we ask for. But the parable is intended in a second way too: We are the judge and God is the widow. God’s voice for us is particularly clear in the widows, in the hounders, in the poor, in those people who are not so impressed with our public persona. Simply put, one of God’s important voices for us is to be heard in the persons who irritate us the most; for example, in that one particular person we would most like to avoid in life. In Christ’s view of things God is both the one being asked and the one who is doing the asking. God is hounded and God hounds.

The moral of all this, then, is that we are asked to hear God’s voice in the persons who upset us, that is, in those people who, for whatever reason, are not very impressed with us. Usually that is the people we live with. Obviously, the principle breaks down when that voice is an abusive one. The gospel does not ask us to let ourselves be abused, but it does ask us to make an option for the poor and that option, like the house of God itself, has many surprising rooms, some of which are not very romantic or much to our liking.

Thus, beware of the voice that humbles you: It might just be one of God’s widows, puncturing your persona, and calling you to justice and honesty.

The Worst Kind Of Poverty

In a recent novel, Love, Again, Doris Lessing, with her usual genius, paints a picture of the soul of a late middle-aged woman, Sarah Durham, as she, Sarah, spends a summer painfully infatuated with a man young enough to be her grandson.

The love is hopeless, of course, and it brings Sarah nothing but heartache and restlessness. And it is surprising too for she is the epitome of maturity and common sense and has, for more than twenty years since the death of her husband, felt herself beyond the tears that come with these kinds of falling in love.

The story builds this way: Sarah, a widow and grandmother, is a successful theatre writer and producer. Her productions appear, among other places, in London’s prestigious West End. Working in theatre, she naturally spends a lot of time with young and very attractive actors, of both sexes. The atmosphere exudes sex, but, for a good number of years after her husband’s death, Sarah appears immune. She seems quietly content with a celibacy which is, in fact, partly an extended fidelity to her late husband. This celibacy, while leaving her sexless by some definitions of that word, spares her the heartache that is so often the flipside of the ecstasy of falling in love.

All this changes one summer when, already in late middle age and quite confident that she is beyond teenage type crushes, she helps produce a play about a tragic young French woman named, Julie Vairon. Julie, like her namesake, Juliet, of  “Romeo and Juliet”, lives life in the pain of unrequited love and dies for love. The combination of Julie, the atmosphere of love she rouses, and a young American actor of startling good looks, overcomes Sarah. She falls in love with a man young enough to be her grandson. It is all very hopeless and all very painful and it sets loose in Sarah pains she has not experienced since she was a very young girl … and it sets loose in Lessing a series of reflections about the phenomenology of love and sex that the great analysts of the world can only envy.

At one point, Lessing paints for us a picture of what it feels like to be too old for a love one desperately wants. Her reflection produces a rich vein for meditation:

From this central thought or area led several paths, and one of them was to the fact that the fate of us all, to get old, or even to grow older, is one so cruel that while we spend every energy in trying to avert or postpone it, we in fact seldom allow the realization to strike home sharp and cold: from being this – and she looked around at the young people – one becomes this, a husk without colour, above all without the luster, the shine. And I, Sarah Durham, sitting here tonight surrounded mostly by the young (or people who seem young to me), am in exactly the same situation as the innumerable people of the world who are ugly, deformed, or crippled, or who have horrible skin disorders. Or who lack that mysterious thing sex appeal. Millions spend their lives behind ugly masks, longing for the simplicities of love known to attractive people. There is now no difference between me and those people barred from love, but this is the first time it has been brought home to me that all my youth I was in a privileged class sexually but never thought about it or what it must mean not to be. Yet no matter how unfeeling or callous one is when young, everyone, but everyone, will learn what it is to be in a desert of deprivation, and it is just as well, travelling so fast towards old age, that we don’t know it.  (Love, Again, pp. 140-141.)

What Lessing describes here is one of the worst types of poverty known, the poverty of being sexually unattractive, of being unable to enjoy all the aspects of love that are known to other people. And this poverty brings with it a special kind of shame. Many are the women or men who takes a certain pride in an honest type of economic poverty. Nobody takes pride in being unattractive, particularly in a society that deifies the physical and identifies being sexual with having sex. Today sexual unattractiveness is perhaps the most painful and shameful of all poverties. Those in the sexual underclass are the new, and unprotected, outcasts: “Geeks”, “Nerds”, “Slobs” these are the slurs against the poor that nobody censures.

Today, just as the generations before us, we tend to interpret pretty selectively Christ’s challenge to make a preferential option for the poor. Invariably as we open our eyes to the formerly unseen pain of one group we close our eyes to the poverty of another. But … the poor will inherit the kingdom and, today in our culture, the poorest of the poor are those who have been ostracized sexually. It is time we said as much.

Dreaming With Others

What you dream alone remains a dream, what you dream with others can become a reality. Edward Schillebeeckx coined this phrase as a way of expressing the important truth that effective compassion is a collective endeavour. Private charity, be it ever so generous, is, in the end, not fully effective. Let me try to explain this by way of an example:

I belong to a religious order, the Oblates of Mary Immaculate. A couple of years ago, we had a General Chapter which brought together Oblates from around the world. The intent of any General Chapter is, of course, renewal. So we met and agonized: What could we do to renew ourselves so that, through our presence and ministries, Christ would be more present in the world?

At one stage, we were put into small groups and each group was asked the same question: Given the situation in the world and the church today, what, singularly, should we do so as to try to be more effective missionaries of God’s love and compassion? In the end, all of us came to one answer, and it was not the answer we had imagined prior to deep prayer and common reflection.

Our answer? We came to realize that if we would want to be more effective instruments of God’s love, we must be more together in community, linked more strongly to each other, living out more selflessly the truth that where enough people of goodwill are together in one mind and body an effective compassion can occur. We realized too why presently we, like so many others, are often ineffective. We have good private sentiments, good individual talents, and good individual energies, but unless we are linked and acting as one body we are no larger, no more powerful, and no more effective than each of our own small persons. Alone you can make a splash, but not a difference. Great individual charism, and even heroic acts, not fully given over to community, are like the fireworks at a festival, a stunning spectacle, a distraction from the ordinary, but everyone goes home to life as it was before. Nothing changes.

What has the power to change life is community, the type of community that the New Testament describes. Alone we can do effective private charity, but we can do little to change the overall situation; alone our individual talents and gifts are often more the instruments of self-aggrandizement and the objects of jealousy than they are gifts for the betterment and joy of the whole; and alone we generally watch the evening news with a lot of discouragement at our own helplessness.

When we watch the evening news and see all that is wrong in our world, the feeling that comes over most of us is one of helplessness. What can I do to change any of this? We go to bed discouraged and a bit guilt-ridden. I should be doing more, but, concretely, what can I do?

Why do we feel so helpless and discouraged? Because we are watching the news alone … and alone we cannot do much. That is the point; alone we are in fact quite helpless.

Now, speaking figuratively, imagine that a parish would watch the news together. They would still be pretty helpless, but they could more than one individual. Next, imagine that a whole diocese would watch the news together. They would still not have it in their power to change all that is wrong with the world, but they could do a lot more than any individual parish. Then, suppose all the churches of a country would watch the news together. They would still be unable to fully change the moral, social, and economic forces that perpetuate hate and chaos, but they could do much more than any one individual diocese. Finally, imagine, (and what an image of Christ’s Kingdom this is!) that all the churches in the whole world would watch the news together. This body could effect the change that is needed; it could bring about an effective compassion in the world.

The truth that needs to be added is that until this happens, until all the churches of the world do watch the news together, we will be unable, effectively, to bring about love and peace on this planet. Effective compassion is collective. What we dream alone remains a dream, but what we dream with others can become a reality. Why?

Because private sentiment is not enough. Watching the news alone leaves us helpless and guilt-ridden. Our helplessness lies in our individuality. Alone we are no larger or more powerful than our individual talents. No one person, working alone, can change this world. A community, living a common ideal, can. Community, and community alone, can make our dreams come true.

Secrets of the Kingdom

He was a disappointment to his dad, that’s for sure. After all, his dad had spent three hundred dollars, just for his uniform. Then there were other expenses: Fees to enroll him in the soccer program, costs for driving him to various places for games, and all kinds of nickel and diming that had to be done. The money alone was enough, but there were other things too.

Pride, for one. His dad was one of the coaches. His son had let the team down. And why? For no decent reason: for lack of concentration, for being a scatterbrain, for making what grownups called a “mental error”. Christopher wasn’t so sure what a mental error was since he was only six, but, driving home in the car, he was sure of one thing, his father was pretty mad at him.

He was only six and so the particulars of what exactly had happened were already fading. He hadn’t been paying attention anyway, but now because everyone seemed so angry, he had to think about it. So in the icy silence of the car he tried to patch it back together. 

The evening had started out okay. He’d come home from school and his mum had made him a snack. He’d stayed around in the kitchen for a while, getting under her feet, because after being gone all day he wanted to be in the room with her, even if she was forever telling him to go outside. Finally his dad came home. He loved his dad too, except when his dad was angry.

His dad had ruffled his hair, reminded him of the game, and called him “tiger”. His dad always called him that before a game and he liked it. After supper he’d put on his uniform. He knew it was expensive because it looked so nice and because he had overheard his mum and dad arguing about it, with his mum saying that it was overdone to pay three hundred dollars for a kid’s uniform and his dad saying back that sports were important. He didn’t like the argument, but he did like the uniform. 

His dad teased him all the way to the school ground, even though his mum was along in the car: “You’re gonna pop some goals tonight, tiger! Play with your head up. Remember what I told you about staying in position and not just stupidly chasing the ball. Let the other kids be stupid. You play like your dad! Make me proud!”  Christopher liked it when his dad teased him like that. Mum didn’t say much, but he knew she would be watching him too and she’d told him how great he looked in his uniform. 

He couldn’t remember so clearly the first part of the game. He hadn’t scored. He remembered all the parents jumping and screaming every time there was a goal scored and they hadn’t jumped and screamed for him, though his dad had screamed at him once because he had started to chase the ball like kids who play stupidly do. His dad had talked to him about that at the break but, by then, he was pretty tired and, really, would have liked to go home. But the game was only half over and he still had to take his turn playing goalkeeper. 

It was then, when he was in goal, that it went wrong. It was here that he wasn’t paying attention. The ball had been at the other end and he was tired. It was like he was all-alone on the field when he saw the young gopher poke his head up, not three feet away. The gopher didn’t move so he began slowly to crawl towards it. He had never been that close to a wild animal and his heart beat wildly. The gopher didn’t move. He could almost touch it! His eyes and the gopher’s locked and held. It was magic. He forgot about everything.

Then he heard the shouting: “Christopher! Christopher! Look up! Get with it! Pay attention! There’s a breakaway! Get up!” All that shouting scared the gopher. Their eyes let go and the gopher disappeared and it was too late. The ball was in the net and everyone was yelling at him. But he was still glancing at the gopher hole, hoping to meet a pair of eyes. 

His dad was pretty mad. There wasn’t any teasing in car going home. His mum looked like she wanted to say something, something soft, to break the silence, but she was quiet too: “You are a disgrace to your uniform!” was what his dad had said. But Christopher wasn’t thinking about his uniform or about how much it cost. He was thinking that it would be nice if mum said something, and he was thinking too about the gopher and its eyes and how he would imagine that when he went to sleep. 

Jesus said: “I thank you, Father, Lord of Heaven and earth, because you have hidden these things from the wise and the clever and have revealed them to mere children.”

Beyond Liberal And Conservative

More and more, it is becoming clear that we need to move beyond the categories of liberal and conservative. Simply put, both have shown themselves to be dysfunctional in terms of trying to help lead us beyond the problems that beset us. Both are too narrow and too selective in terms of the morality they espouse, the loyalties they embrace, and the ways within which they dispense their sympathies to be the basis for anything other than what we already have. At the end of the day, neither has the width or depth to merit the label Catholic.

Nowhere is this more evident than in our moral discourse, especially in our attempts at dialogue about private morality, that is, about such areas as abortion, sex, marriage, homosexuality, and the like. The conservative and the liberal, each in his way, invites us to a certain narrowness and intolerance.

The liberal does this by being intolerant of the ideal, of moral principle. Crassly put, liberal ideology tells us that if the majority of people do not, or cannot, keep a commandment, well … then we should change the commandment. What possible sense does it make, it is asked, to have a moral precept that the majority of people do not accept? How can the church claim to be compassionate and in touch with the suffering and needs of people, if it makes them feel guilty for not keeping certain commandments in which they no longer believe? How can the church be so out of touch, so ivory tower, in its morality so as to ignore the sensus fidelium in these crucial moral areas? Ironically, the liberal is pretty reluctant to apply this same kind of reasoning to the social encyclicals.

Conservative intolerance generally puts on a crasser face. To illustrate this with a typical example, allow me to recount an incident: Several years ago, immediately after a talk that I gave, a man who challenged me. He approached me as I left the stage, angry, bitter. He attacked me with words to this effect: “Father, I can’t believe the wishy-washy bunk you’ve just given. That’s not the church’s teaching! Why don’t you put things as you’re supposed to put them: Tell people what the law is … and if they can’t take it, they should walk!” The reasoning here is pretty clear, and simple: The written rules of the church, the commandments and canon law, are the benchmarks. You either measure up or you do not. If you do not measure up, you leave the church or, at very least, assume some kind of penitential or second-class role within it. Ironically, too, like his liberal counterpart, the conservative is not eager to apply that same criterion when it comes to the social teachings of the church. 

Now perhaps these are caricatures, indicative only of the extreme and are not really typical. Few liberals and conservatives would identify with the positions. That may be true, but good caricatures distort in the same way in which art distorts, namely, by highlighting an essential form that ultimately gives shape to the picture but is not always so consciously clear. Hence, what these caricatures do is highlight what is narrow and dangerous in both liberal and conservative ideologies, at least as these pertain to moral discourse. Neither is really tolerant, compassionate, and wide enough to reflect the charity and catholicity of Jesus Christ.

Both the liberal and the conservative, in the end, are fundamentalists because each, albeit in her own way, on the basis of good intention, vastly oversimplifies things. The conservative does it by canonizing the commandments and the law in such a way that they, and they alone, become the criteria of genuine religiosity and sincerity. There is not sufficient allowance made, however, for those who, for whatever reason, find themselves unable to live these precepts. The liberal oversimplifies things in the other direction. For him, the existential ability, or lack of it, to keep certain moral precepts by the majority of the people becomes the criterion for whether or not those precepts should be retained or not. Each is narrow, one in the name of orthodoxy, the other in the name of compassion.

Neither, however, approaches things as Jesus did. Jesus was neither a liberal nor a conservative. His loyalties were less selective and his embrace was much wider. Thus, he refused to bring down an ideal just because the majority of people rejected it. At the same time, however, he refused to condemn those who could not live that ideal. For him, genuine compassion lies in doing both, retaining an ideal and in walking with those who cannot keep it. Thinking this way got him into a lot of trouble … but nobody could ever accuse him of loving too selectively.

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